There are 199 civil parishes in the county.
For poor law purposes, District Electoral Divisions replaced the civil parishes in the mid-nineteenth century. The civil parishes had some use in local taxation and were included on the nineteenth century maps of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland. Parishes were delineated after the Down Survey as an intermediate subdivision, with multiple townlands per parish and multiple parishes per barony. There are six historic baronies in North Tipperary: Eliogarty, Ikerrin, Ormond Upper, Ormond Lower, Owney and Arra and Kilnamanagh Upper, with a further six lying in South Tipperary: Clanwilliam, Kilnamanagh Lower, Iffa and Offa East, Iffa and Offa West, Middle Third, and Slievardagh. The centre is known as 'the Golden Vale', a rich pastoral stretch of land in the Suir basin which extends into counties Limerick and Cork. The southern portion of the county is drained by the River Suir the northern by tributaries of the Shannon which widens into Lough Derg. The region is part of the central plain of Ireland, but the diversified terrain contains several mountain ranges: the Knockmealdown, the Galtee, the Arra Hills and the Silvermine Mountains. It is the third largest of Munster’s 6 counties by size and the third largest by population. Tipperary is the sixth largest of the 32 counties by area and the 11th largest by population. The Galtee Mountains seen from the Glen of Aherlow.
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